French Military Victories and Diplomatic Maneuvers: 1794-1813

Victories at Fleurus and the Black Mountain

In 1794, the French military situation underwent a significant transformation. They secured decisive victories against the Austrian and Dutch forces at Fleurus, propelling them forward in their military campaign. Furthermore, their triumph at Black Mountain further consolidated their position.

Austria's Ambitions and France's Response

Following the French withdrawal of over 100,000 troops from Germany, Austria seized the opportunity to reclaim its lost territories. In 1813, Austria formally declared war on France, hoping to reverse the previous setbacks. Austria emerged as the leading force in the subsequent War of Liberation.

France, Sardinia, and the Plombières Agreement

Prior to the war, France and Sardinia forged an alliance through the Plombières Agreement. This agreement stipulated that France would support Sardinia's efforts to drive Austria out of Italy. In exchange, France would receive territorial concessions.

Austria's Defeat and the Treaty of Lunéville

Despite its initial aggression, Austria faced defeat. The Treaty of Lunéville, signed in February 1801, formalized Austria's surrender. The treaty required Austria to cede control over the left bank of the Rhine River, further solidifying France's position as a dominant power in Europe.